![]() The extent to which the view changes depends on the object's distance, as well as on how much the observer moved. This sometimes even means that they see different parts of an object at different times. As observers move around, they perceive objects from different vantage points. We use the term motion parallax to refer to any information about structures' distances that could be obtained by an observer changing his or her viewing position. A moving observer can also consider information from motion parallax (e.g., J. Static observers consider binocular disparities (e.g., Rogers & Graham, 1982 Johnston, Cumming, & Landy, 1994 Bradshaw, Parton, & Eagle, 1998 Bradshaw, Parton, & Glennerster, 2000 Sousa, Brenner, & Smeets, 2010, 2011a), the object's retinal image size (e.g., Gillam, 1995 McIntosh & Lashley, 2008 Lugtigheid & Welchman, 2010 Sousa et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b Sousa, Smeets, & Brenner, 2012a, 2012b), accommodation (e.g., Wallach & Floor, 1971 Leibowitz & Moore, 1966), and vergence (e.g., Gogel, 1961, 1977 Brenner & van Damme, 1998). It has been shown that people consider various sources of information when judging objects' distances. We live in a three-dimensional (3-D) world, so most of the tasks that people perform in daily life require judgments of distance as well as of elevation and azimuth. ![]() Subjects did not move their head differently when we presented the targets to only one eye in order to increase the benefit of considering motion parallax. Relative retinal image motion has the clearest effect. The results show that motion parallax cues have a detectable influence on our judgments, even when the head only moves a few millimeters. Any systematic difference between the positions indicated for the closer and further targets of such pairs indicates that the cues in question influence subjects' judgments. There were pairs of trials in which the same target was presented at the same location, except that one or more of the three motion parallax cues indicated that the target was either 10 cm closer or 10 cm farther away than the ‘true’ distance. The position and the size of the target changed across trials. To answer this question we asked subjects to indicate the position of a virtual target with their unseen finger. We explore here whether these motion parallax cues are used when we think we are standing still. The information about distance could be obtained in various ways: from the changes in the object's position with respect to ourselves, from the changes in its orientation relative to the line of sight, and from the relative retinal motion between the target's image and that of the background. This technique is validated in additional experiments.It is well known that when we intentionally make large head movements, the resulting motion parallax helps us judge objects' distances. This allows us to manipulate the disparity signal according to the strength of motion parallax to improve the overall depth reproduction. We demonstrate how this model can be applied in the context of stereo and multiscopic image processing, and propose new disparity manipulation techniques, which first quantify depth obtained from motion parallax, and then adjust binocular disparity information accordingly. Based on the measurements, we propose a joint disparity-parallax computational model that predicts apparent depth resulting from both cues. To assess the strength of the effect we conduct psychovisual experiments that measure the influence of motion parallax on depth perception and relate it to the depth resulting from binocular disparity. ![]() We exploit the fact that in many practical scenarios, motion parallax provides sufficiently strong depth information that the presence of binocular depth cues can be reduced through aggressive disparity compression. In this work, we study the motion parallax cue, which is a relatively strong depth cue, and can be freely reproduced even on a 2D screen without any limits. For example, due to the low angular resolution of current automultiscopic screens, they can only reproduce a shallow depth range. However, in many scenarios, the range of depth that can be reproduced by this cue is greatly limited and typically fixed due to constraints imposed by displays. Starting from a stereoscopic video content with a static observer in a moving train (Left), our method detects regions where motion parallax acts as an additional depth cue (Center, white) and uses our model to redistribute the disparity depth budget from such regions (the countryside) to regions where it is more needed (the train interior) (Right).īinocular disparity is the main depth cue that makes stereoscopic images appear 3D. ![]()
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